Fibromyalgia: What You Need to Know About Causes, Symptoms, and the Most Effective Treatments!
Fibromyalgia is a complex and often misunderstood condition, having undergone various changes in its definition and perception over the years. In this insight, you will discover everything that modern science and medicine know today.
Evolution and History of Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia was initially defined in 1869 by Beard, the famous psychologist who first defined the syndrome, as “nervous exhaustion”. Passing through definitions like “Panalgesia” in 1978 and considered a pain threshold disorder or “dysnociception” in subsequent years, the true nature of fibromyalgia remained obscure. In 2008, a meeting of Italian experts helped to outline a more comprehensive definition: "Central Sensitization Syndrome". Simply put, it emerged that widespread chronic pain, the predominant feature of fibromyalgia, results from the activation of pain centers located within the nervous system. This is where the term "central" comes from.
Today, fibromyalgia is considered a chronic pain condition and is gaining relevance even among the most skeptical clinicians
Fibromyalgia in Numbers: Who is Most Affected?
Women represent 90% of fibromyalgia cases. Globally, about 2.7% of the population is affected, with a peak between 40 and 60 years old. In Italy, the incidence among the population reaches 5.5%.
Symptoms of Fibromyalgia: How Does It Manifest?
From widespread pain to fatigue, from sleep disorders to the so-called “fibrofog”. There is a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with fibromyalgia that significantly impact daily life. Here are the main ones:
Widespread pain: Those who suffer from fibromyalgia often experience constant and pervasive pain, affecting the arms, legs, and trunk. This pain, which can vary in intensity, impacts the ability to perform daily activities such as walking, lifting objects, or even getting out of bed. It worsens during seasonal changes or periods of increased stress.
Extreme fatigue: The feeling of fatigue, especially in the morning, is so intense that it can make it difficult to start the day, despite having slept for many hours.
Sleep problems: Even if one sleeps, the rest may not be deep or restorative. This results in a sense of chronic fatigue and weariness.
“Fibrofog”: The brain seems to function at a slower pace. Forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, and a feeling of "mental fog" are common.
In addition to these main symptoms, there may be others such as: Digestive problems, Anxiety, Burning sensation, Sensitivity to odors, Dryness and pain of the eyes, etc…
The combination of these symptoms can have a significant impact on daily and working life, compromising the ability to perform simple tasks, maintain social relationships, and achieve professional goals. Therefore, those who suffer from fibromyalgia are not only dealing with physical discomfort, but also face the challenges of a deep emotional and psychological impact.
Understanding the Causes of Fibromyalgia
I know the term "fibromyalgia" can sound complex and perhaps a bit intimidating. But I want to help you understand its causes, which, in reality, even doctors are still trying to fully outline. Fibromyalgia is a condition that has many possible origins. Imagine trying to solve a puzzle, but you do not have the reference image on the box. Experts are trying to put the pieces together, and some of the main hypotheses formulated to date include:
Out of Sync Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters are chemicals in our body that help send messages between nerve cells. It is believed that in fibromyalgia there may be a malfunction in how these messages are transmitted.
An "Overly Sensitive" Nervous System: The idea here is that the nervous system of people with fibromyalgia might overreact to pain signals, making them much more intense than they should be.
Problems with the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland: These are two small parts of the brain that regulate many functions in our body, such as temperature, hunger, and stress. Changes in these areas can affect how we perceive pain.
Genetics: Some researchers believe there may be a genetic link in fibromyalgia. In particular, some people may have genes that make their body more sensitive to pain due to how the body uses serotonin and dopamine, two chemicals linked to pain sensation.
Chronic low-grade inflammation: When it comes to fibromyalgia, low-grade chronic inflammation plays a fundamental role. This type of inflammation, while more subtle and less noticeable than acute inflammation, can contribute to the genesis and maintenance of the widespread chronic pain typical of fibromyalgia.
The Gut Microbiota: In recent years, some studies have highlighted a connection between the gut microbiota and various diseases, including fibromyalgia. Alterations in the composition of the microbiota can influence the immune system, contributing to chronic inflammation and potentially exacerbating fibromyalgia symptoms.
The Extracellular Matrix: is a three-dimensional network of proteins and other macromolecules, and is emerging as a crucial factor in fibromyalgia. It supports the cells and plays a fundamental role in the transmission of pain signals. Anomalies or alterations in the extracellular matrix could contribute to the sensation of pain and the symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.
These are some of the main theories. Research continues, and every day we are a step closer to better understanding this condition. The puzzle is not yet complete, but more and more pieces are coming together!
Integrated and Systemic Medicine: Fibromyalgia in the Modern Era
Integrated and systemic medicine aims to consider the individual as a whole, rather than focusing only on the disease or specific symptoms.
This approach is particularly relevant for conditions like fibromyalgia
Integrated medicine combines conventional treatments with complementary therapies that have been shown to be safe and effective. Some examples are traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture.
Systemic medicine recognizes that the body functions as an integrated system and that disturbances in one part of the system can affect other parts. This is particularly pertinent for fibromyalgia, given its complex nature. The goal is to restore balance between the various systems of the body, such as the hypothalamus-pituitary axis or the balance between oxidative and antioxidative substances, to manage the inflammation and pain that characterize this debilitating syndrome.
Treatments
Fibromyalgia is a complex condition, much like a puzzle, requiring several pieces to compose the complete picture. Beyond conventional treatments like antidepressants and muscle relaxants, there are innovative approaches such as postural reprogramming, nutrient integration, and “mind-body” therapies.
These are the various options of the Systemic Approach:
Antidepressants: It might surprise you to find out that antidepressants are not just used to treat depression! In fact, they help regulate certain chemical messages in the brain that affect pain.
Muscle Relaxants like Cyclobenzaprine: These are medications that relax muscles. Cyclobenzaprine, for example, helps reduce muscle spasms, which are painful involuntary contractions.
Infiltrations: Some more "technological" therapies can help. Anesthetic blocks, for example, use anesthetics to temporarily block pain and remodulate pain perception.
Psychotherapy: Sometimes talking about your problems and feelings can make a big difference. A therapist can offer support and strategies to better manage pain and the emotional challenges associated with fibromyalgia.
Postural Reprogramming: This is a kind of "gymnastics" for the body, helping to find and maintain postures that reduce pain and stress on muscles and joints.
Nutrition and Nutrient Integration: Sometimes our body, in addition to a balanced diet, needs a little external help to feel its best, and the addition of Magnesium, Carnitine, PEA, and other nutraceuticals can help the body function better and reduce pain. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), for instance, is a substance naturally present in our body and helps improve mood and reduce pain.
Physical Activity: Staying active is essential. A combination of rehabilitation exercises to strengthen muscles and cardio activities like walking or cycling can work wonders for overall well-being.
Mind-Body Therapies: Meditation, yoga, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can help manage stress, improve sleep quality, and address the anxiety or depression associated with fibromyalgia.
Hot Bath in the Morning: Imagine immersing yourself in a warm, relaxing bath. This simple gesture can help relax tense muscles and provide a pleasant feeling of well-being to start the day.
Integrated Approach: Acupuncture and Its Benefits
Acupuncture, an ancient practice, is proving to be a valuable therapeutic option for many fibromyalgia patients. It can help reduce pain and improve quality of life by modulating pain pathways at a central level. Additionally, acupuncture can influence the autonomic nervous system, which can have positive effects on inflammation regulation, gut microbiota, and sleep quality. Unlike drugs and other treatments, acupuncture has no side effects, making it a good option for most people.
What Does the Future Hold?
Fibromyalgia, while a complex condition, can be managed with a combination of treatments. The integrated and systemic approach to fibromyalgia recognizes the need for a holistic and personalized treatment plan. With a deeper understanding of fibromyalgia, medicine is progressing towards more effective and personalized treatments. The integration of conventional and complementary therapies offers a ray of hope for those suffering.
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